@Article{info:doi/10.2196/37614，作者=“Lam, Ka-Hoo and Twose, James and Lissenberg-Witte, Birgit and Licitra, Giovanni and Meijer, Kim and Uitdehaag, Bernard and De Groot, Vincent and Killestein, Joep”，标题=“使用智能手机击键动力学被动监测多发性硬化症上肢和认知功能:纵向分析”，期刊=“J Med Internet Res”，年=“2022”，月=“11”，日=“7”，卷=“24”，数=“11”，页=“e37614”，关键词=“多发性硬化症;智能手机;手机应用程序;数字技术;击键力学;打字;上肢;认知;摘要=“背景:在智能手机上打字已经成为一种近乎日常的活动，对上肢和认知功能都有要求。因此，对常规打字过程中键盘交互的分析，即击键动力学，可以潜在地用于多发性硬化症患者的被动和持续功能监测。 Objective: To determine whether passively acquired smartphone keystroke dynamics correspond to multiple sclerosis outcomes, we investigated the association between keystroke dynamics and clinical outcomes (upper limb and cognitive function). This association was investigated longitudinally in order to study within-patient changes independently of between-patient differences. Methods: During a 1-year follow-up, arm function and information processing speed were assessed every 3 months in 102 patients with multiple sclerosis with the Nine-Hole Peg Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test, respectively. Keystroke-dynamics data were continuously obtained from regular typing on the participants' own smartphones. Press-and-release latency of the alphanumeric keys constituted the fine motor score cluster, while latency of the punctuation and backspace keys constituted the cognition score cluster. The association over time between keystroke clusters and the corresponding clinical outcomes was assessed with linear mixed models with subjects as random intercepts. By centering around the mean and calculating deviation scores within subjects, between-subject and within-subject effects were distinguished. Results: Mean (SD) scores for the fine motor score cluster and cognition score cluster were 0.43 (0.16) and 0.94 (0.41) seconds, respectively. The fine motor score cluster was significantly associated with the Nine-Hole Peg Test: between-subject $\beta$ was 15.9 (95{\%} CI 12.2-19.6) and within-subject $\beta$ was 6.9 (95{\%} CI 2.0-11.9). The cognition score cluster was significantly associated with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test between subjects (between-subject $\beta$ --11.2, 95{\%} CI --17.3 to --5.2) but not within subjects (within-subject $\beta$ --0.4, 95{\%} CI --5.6 to 4.9). Conclusions: Smartphone keystroke dynamics were longitudinally associated with multiple sclerosis outcomes. Worse arm function corresponded with longer latency in typing both across and within patients. Worse processing speed corresponded with higher latency in using punctuation and backspace keys across subjects. Hence, keystroke dynamics are a potential digital biomarker for remote monitoring and predicting clinical outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Trial Registration: Netherlands Trial Register NTR7268; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR7268 ", issn="1438-8871", doi="10.2196/37614", url="//www.mybigtv.com/2022/11/e37614", url="https://doi.org/10.2196/37614", url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36342763" }